Canadian Energy Up-Date

Update was last edited 9 April 2011

The 2009 Carbon Dioxide Fact Sheet was posted in June of 2010.

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Canadian Energy Up-Date for April 2011

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Second Quarter of 2011

After the first paper, this issue of the Energy Forum focuses on Central and South American energy concerns. Bradley O'Neil, Robert Hawkins and Cody Zilhaver write on National Security and Caspian Basin Hydrocarbons followed by Mamdouh Salameh writing on China's Oil 'Adventure' into Venezuela; Miranda Wainberg on Hydrocarbon Update: Columbia, Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela; Donald Murray, Michael Knapp and Zhen Zhu on Allowed ROE's During Crisis Often Fail the Equal Return for Equivalent Risk Standard; Philip Walsh on The Future Paradigm of Energy Pricing in South America; Gerardo Rabinovich on A Brief Note on the Oil and Natural Gas Industries in Latin Amerca: Current Situation and Outlook; and Rodrigo Moreno, Luiz Barroso, Bruno Flach and Bernardo Bezerra on Regulating Generation Investment in Latin America: Future Challenges.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for January 2011

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the First Quarter of 2011

The series of articles on energy in Russia and the former Soviet Union in this issue completes those published in the Forum for the Third Quarter of 2010. Leonard L. Coburn writes on Russian Energy: Past, Present, Future; Hi-chun Park on Towards Cost-reflective Energy Pricing in Ukraine; Laura Solanko on Why Energy Efficiency is Vitally Important for Russia; Catherine Locatelli and Sylvain Rossiaud on Russia's Gas and Oil Policy: the Emerging Organizational and Institutional Framework for Regulating Access to Hydrocarbon Resources; Tarjei Kristiansen on The Russian Power Market; Alexander M. Zaborovsky on Belarusian Energy Strategy Today: Improving Energy Efficiency, Reducing Energy Dependence and Insuring Gas Transit to the EU; Aleksandr Rakintsev on Russian Oil Field Auctions; Oleg Eismont on Perspectives on the Russian-European Natural Gas Market; and Courtney Doggart on Russian Investments in Georgia's Electricity Sector: Causes and Consequences.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for October 2010

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Fourth Quarter of 2010

In this issue Christof Ruhl and Joseph Giljum write on Recession and Recovery: Lessons From the 2010 BP Statistical Review of World Energy; Ian Bourne writes on Price Signals in Oil Markets; Leonard Coburn on Central Asia Pipelines are the New Silk Road; Anna Korppoo on Russia's Climate Commitments: Which GDP Growth Contributes to Emissions?; Vitaly Protasov on EU-Russia Gas Relations; a View From Both Sides; David G. Tarr on The Crucial Role for Competition in the Russian Gas Market: Implications for Russia and Europe; Jurgis Vilemas on Energy Policy of Lithuania in 1990-2010 and Projections for the Future; and Aitor Ciarreta and Shahriyar Nasirov conclude with Impact of Azerbaijan's Energy Policy on the Oil Sector.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for July 2010

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Third Quarter of 2010

This issue focuses on Russia and the former Soviet Union as will those immediately following. Sophie Nappert writes on EU-Russia Relations in the Energy Field: The Continuing Role of International Law; Benjamin Schesinger writes on Shale Gas, LNG and Rising Demand - Driving Global Gas Prices; Mamdouh G. Salameh on The Emerging Global Oil Trade Axis: The Russian Connection; Leonard L. Coburn on Russian Oil - A Long Term View; Nathan Reich The 2008 Renegotiation of Kazakhstan's Kashagan PSA Field and the Events that Led to It; Diego Villalobos Alberu on Applied Price Theory: Prospects for a `Gas OPEC'; Edmar de Almeida and Helder Queiroz Pinto Jr. on Report from the IAEE Rio International Conference; and Adeola Adenikinju on Report on the Third NAEE/IAEE International Conference.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for April 2010

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Second Quarter of 2010

In this issue Alan Moran writes on Lower Emission Levels and Australian Energy Impacts; Yimin Liu, Yong Yang and Erica Klampfl on Energy Challenges the Automobile Industry Faces in China; Caleb O'Kray and Kang Wu on Biofuels in China: Development Dynamics Policy Imperatives, and Future Growth; Jose A Orosa on A Proposal for Wind-energy Conversion for low Wind-speed Areas of India; Hui Su and Jerold J. Fletcher on Carbon Capture and Storage in China: Options for the Shenhua Direct Coal Liquefaction Plant; Stephane Rouhier on Environmental Impacts of Rising Energy Use in China: Solutions for a Sustainable Development; and Malti Goel on Carbon Capture and Storage: Science and Technology Focus for Mitigation of Climate Change.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for January 2010

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the First Quarter of 2010

This issue is devoted to papers dealing with energy supply and security questions facing the emerging economies of China and India. Varun Rai and David G. Victor write on Identifying Viable Options in Developing Countries for Climate Change Mitigation: The Case of India; Anas F. Alhajji on India, China and the Rhetoric of "Energy Security"; Bhupendra Kumar Singh on Energy Security and India-China Cooperation; Mamdouh G. Salameh on China's Global Oil Diplomacy: Benign or Hostile?; Ross McCracken on Stockpiling or Consuming: China's Current Oil Demand; and Philip R. Walsh on The Future of Energy Derivatives in China.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for November 2009

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Fourth Quarter of 2009

In this issue, Christof Ruhl and Neelesh Nerurkar write on Volatility and Structural Change: Lessons from the 2009 BP Statistical Review of World Energy; Gerald T. Westbrook on We can Live With a Fossil Fuel Future: Oil, Gas, Coal and Shale Oil; Danielle Devogelaer and Dominique Gusbin on The Impact of the Energy/Climate Package on the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in Belgium: Some Insights; Jean Balouga on The Global Financial Crisis and the Oil and Gas Sector of the Nigerian Economy; and Peter Kayode Oniemola and Gbenga Sanusi on The Nigerian Bio-fuel Policy and Incentives (2007): A Need to Follow the Brazilian Pathway.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for August 2009

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Third Quarter of 2009

In this issue, Sander Cohan writes on Scatter Shot Reform; Abubakar S. Sambo on Strategic Developments in Renewable Energy in Nigeria; Aitor Ciarreta and Carlos Gutierrez-Hita on Entering Renewable Energy Sources in the Spanish Electricity Market. The Effects of Regulatory Reforms; Marco Nicolosi and Michaela Fuersch on Implications of the European Renewables Directive on RES-E Support Scheme Designs and its Impact on the Conventional Power Markets; Christine Rosch and Johannes Skarka on The European Biofuels Policy and Sustainability; Nihan Karali on Highlights from the 32nd IAEE International Conference; Guido Castelluccio on Biomasse Italia; F.W. Rusco and W.D. Walls on Biofuels and the Fungibility of Motor Fuels; and Daniela Sica and Ornella Malandrino on Renewable Energy Sources - The Italian Scenario: Opportunities and Limits.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for May 2009

New Reports

Canadian Energy Overview 2008

The National Energy Board has released the Canadian Energy Overview 2008 as part of its continuing Energy Market Assessment Series. The report notes that `the energy industry accounted for seven per cent of Canada's GDP in 2008, and directly employed 363,000 people (two per cent of the Canadian labour force).' Net export revenues reached $73 billion, an increase of almost 45 per cent over 2007 levels. The value of net exports of oil exceeded those of natural gas for a second year. Canada became a net exporter of coal for the first time, creating a net revenue of $360 million.

There were extraordinary changes in oil prices thoughout the year with the high of US$147/bbl reached in July before falling to US$45/bbl at year end. Production of crude oil and equivalent averaged 429,000 cubic metres/day (2.7 MMb/d), a decrease of nearly two per cent from 2007 levels. Oil sands production grew by only 2.5 per cent because of down-time for maintenance and delays in commissioning new facilities.

Canada is the world's third-ranking natural gas producer and supplies about one-quarter of the North American market. Production in 2008 averaged 458 million cubic metres/day (16.2 Bcf/day) which was about four per cent less than in 2007. The year saw increasing interest in non-conventional shale gas primarily in northeastern B.C. but also with exploration in Quebec and other non-traditional regions.

Electrical generation decreased from 607 TWh to 691 TWh in 2008. Demand has fallen with economic recession. Generation from the wind increased more than 20 per cent to 3.6 TWh and has increased 265% from 2004 to supply about one per cent of demand. Canada now ranks 16th in the world in wind capacity.

Copies of the Canadian Energy Overview 2008 (49 pages total with many charts and figures) issued in May 2009 (ISBN 978-1-100-12621-0) may be obtained from the Board at 444 Seventh Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0X8 (Toll free telephone: 1-800-899-1265; E-Mail: publications@neb-one.gc.ca; Web: www.neb-one.gc.ca; Fax: 403-292-5576)

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Second Quarter of 2009

The Energy Forum for the Second Quarter of 2009 is devoted to the renewable technologies. Ross McCracken writes on The Unbearable Lightness of Wind; Mamdouh G. Salameh on How Viable is the Hydrogen Economy? The Case of Iceland; Gary Beckett on Wind and Waves to Generate Juice: Frits van Oostvoom and Adriaan van der Welle on Changes in Policy and Market and Network Regulation to Increase Power Generation by Renewables and DG in the EU; Mary J. Hutzler on The Pickens Plan: Is it the Answer to Our Energy Needs?; Carlo Andrea Bollino on GSE's Role in the Italian Renewable Electricity System; and Paolo Polinon on Italians, Renewable Energy Sources and EU `Climate Vision.'

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for February 2009

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the First Quarter of 2009

After a note by William R. Edwards on the Impact of Oil Price on Demand, this issue contains a number of papers dealing with the energy sitation in Nigeria. Jean Balouga writes on The Niger Delta: Defusing the Time Bomb, James Chalker on Militant Attacks in the Niger Delta and Possible Investor-State Arbitration, Adesiji Rabiu on The Cost of Electricity in Nigeria, Olugbenga Adesanya on Nigeria: Gaunt Energy, Adekola Oyenuga on Getting Nigeria's Electricity Sector Liberalization Right - Four Important Issues, Bob Grabham on Reliable Electricity Supply for Nigeria - What Will it Take?, and Prasad V.S.N. Tallapragada on Nigeria's Electricity Sector - Electricity and Gas Pricing Barriers.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for November 2008

New Reports

National Energy Board

The Report Short-term Canadian Natural Gas Deliverability 2008-2010 is another in the series of Energy Market Assessments on this subject published usually yearly by the National Energy Board. Conventional natural gas production is expected to decline by approximately seven per cent between now and 2010, but this fall will be offset by the expansion of non-conventional prospects from shale and also from tight gas formations in northeast B.C. Three possible scenarios for deliverablity are presented based upon the different levels of investment that may occur. In the Reference Case, average natural gas deliverability is expected to fall from the 479 million cubic metres per day (6.17 trillion cubic feet per year) produced in 2007 to 450 million cubic metres per day (5.80 TCF per year) in 2010. This report is notable for the attention that is given to non-conventional natural gas resources in Canada and the prospects for their development The relationship of the working of these resources to imported Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is also discussed.

Copies of this short (26 pages total) but important publication dated October 2008 (ISBN 978-1-100-10857-5) which includes many useful maps and figures may be obtained from the Board at 444 Seventh Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 0X8 (Toll free telephone: 1-800-899-1265; E-Mail: publications@neb-one.gc.ca; Web: www.neb-one.gc.ca; Fax: 403-292-5576)

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Fourth Quarter of 2008

This issue contains a commentary on the 2008 BP Statistical Review of World Energy by Christof Ruehl, Chief Economist of the Company who concludes in High Prices for How Long? that fundamental economic factors accounted for the increase in the price of oil this year. The remainder of the issue is devoted to papers related to the energy industry in Nigeria. Chief P.C. Asiodu writes on Developing and Supporting Critical Energy Infrastructure for Vision 2020: Challenges, Constraints and Prospects; Akin Iwayemi on Nigeria's Dual Energy Problems: Policy Issues and Challenges; Wumi Iledare on An Appraisal of Oil and Gas Industry Reform and Institutional Restructuring in Nigeria; Adeola Adenikinju on Efficiency of the Energy Sector and its Impact on the Competitiveness of the Nigerian Economy; A.S. Sambo on Matching Electricity Supply with Demand in Nigeria, and in a more general paper of interest to developing countries, Wesley Foell, Shonali Pachuri, Daniel Spreng and Hisham Zerriffi (the latter from the University of British Columbia) write on Clean Cooking Fuels and Technologies.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE whose office is located at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for August 2008

New Reports

Energy Forum of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Third Quarter of 2008

It is now intended that future issues of the Energy Forum will accept letters to the editor. Among the articles published in this issue, Gerald T. Westbrook writes on Global Warming: Witnesses for the Defense of the Skeptical Perspective: Physicists; Nate Gorence, Sasha Mackler and Tom Bechtel on Domestic Energy Parks: An Approach to Producing Low Carbon Energy Products from Domestic Resources by Leveraging Infrastructure at Existing U.S. Pulp and Paper Mills; Luciano Losekann and Adilson de Oliveira on Supply Security in the Brazilian Electricity Sector; Edgard Gnansounou on Boosting the Electricity Sector in West Africa: An Integrative Vision; Deepak Sivaraman on What Policy Choices Do We Have? - The Normative Side of the Story, and Sara Nso on Searching for Coherence Between the so-called `External Dimension of the European Energy Energy Policy' and Europe's Historical and New Foreign Relations.

The Energy Forum is published quarterly by the IAEE at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for May 2008

New Reports

First Issue of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) Energy Forum

The International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) has now extended and re-titled its quarterly news publication which is to be known as the IAEE Energy Forum. The object is to spur discussions and debate among members. Provision has also been made to publish letters from readers to stimulate comment on articles appearing in the Forum and other items of interest. This first issue of the Energy Forum for the Second Quarter of 2008 contains six articles related to the electrical system. Shalini P. Vajjhala writes on Siting Difficulty and Transmission Investment; Auden Botterud and Gerard Doorman write on Generation Investment and Capacity Adequacy in Electricity Markets; Paul Giesbertz and Machiel Mulder write on Economics of Interconnection: the Case of the Northwest European Electricity Market; Richard Benjamin writes on Generation, Transmission, and the Load Pocket Problem; Lynne Chester writes on The Parlous Investment Environment for Australian Electricity Generation and Transmission; and Malcolm Shealy and James Donan write on Forecasting Chinese Energy Demand: Is the World in Denial?.

The Energy Forum is published by the IAEE at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for February 2008

New Reports

Canada's Fossil Energy Future: The Way Forward on Carbon Capture and Storage

The Canada-Alberta ecoENERGY Carbon Capture and Storage Task Force was commissioned jointly by the Federal Government and the Government of Alberta in March 2007 with Steve Snyder, President and Chief Executive Officer of TransAlta Corporation, as the Chair. The Final Report to the two Ministers, Hon. Gary Lunn and Hon. Mel Knight, was dated 9 January 2008 and released on 31 January 2008. The purpose of the report was to provide advice on how governments and industry can work together to facilitate and support the development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) opportunities in Canada. Alberta is a large and growing emittor of greenhouse gases but also has special advantages in this field in that it has identified extensive possibilities for the storage of carbon dioxide. There is also relevant experience in the province with the current practice of disposing of separated acid gas streams (carbon dioxide plus hydrogen sulphide) in underground formations.

The main recommendations of the Task Force are expressed in a list of three Immediate Actions. In Immediate Action #1, the two governments should allocate about $2 billion in new public funding to leverage the billions of dollars of industry investment in the first CCS projects. The modus operandi would be to call for Requests for Proposals (RFPs) to aim at a reduction of five million tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2015. Immediate Action #2 calls for regulatory clarity to move the first CCS projects forward by legislation and regulation related to pore-space ownership and disposition rights; by clearly articulating the terms for the transfer of long-term liability from industry to government; and by increasing the transparency of the regulatory processes. Immediate Action #3 calls upon the governments to ensure as much opportunity for CCS projects under GHG regulatory frameworks as for any other qualifying emission reduction option. Specifically, the Task Force recommends that CCS should be recognized formally as an eligible activity for the generation of offset credits, for meeting a regulated entity's internal GHG reduction obligation, or for both. Enhanced oil recovery operations should be treated no differently than those of other storage activities such as direct storage in deep saline aquifers.

Copies of the Report of the Task Force may be downloaded in .pdf format at www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca. The Executive Summary may be downloaded separately.

Newsletter of the International Association for Energy Economics

The Newsletter of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the First Quarter of 2008 focuses on the generation and transmission of electricity. Robert Eric Borgstrom writes on Mobilizing Resources for Power Sector Development: A Cautionary Note about `Regulation by Contract'; Tobey Winters writes on Should the U.S. Coal Option be Preserved?; Danielle Devogelaer and Dominique Gusbin on How Could GHG Reduction Targets Beyond 2012 Influence Investments in Electricity in Belgium?; Reinhard Haas, Christian Redl and Hans Auer on Mid-Term Perspectives for the Western/Central European Electricity Market; Jorgen Bjorndalen and Torkel Bugten on Economics of Interconnection; and Akin Iwayemi on Investment in Electricity Generation and Transmission in Nigeria: Issues and Options.

The Newsletter may be obtained from the IAEE at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for November 2007

New Reports

Newsletter of the International Association for Energy Economics

The Newsletter of the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) for the Fourth Quarter of 2007 focuses on the theme of climate change policy. Victor Niemeyer writes on Climate Policy Risk to Generation Value in a Competitive Market; Tom-Reiel Heggedal and Snorre Kverndokk write on The Cost of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in Europe - Kyoto and Beyond; Vlasis Oikonnomou and Wytze van der Gaast on Making Policy Instruments for the Post 2012 Era: Joint Implementation and White Certificates as a Hybrid Scheme; Michael Schuetz, Michael Kilpper amd Michael Fraas on Issues and Questions: The European Council's Energy Action Plan; Ignacio Perez-Arriaga, Pedro Linaires, Carlos Batlle and Julian Barquin on The Major Elements for a Global Climate Strategy Beyond 2012; and Carole Nakhle on Energy and Climate - No Need for Conflict. Ricardo Raineri also writes on Chronicle of a Crisis Foretold: Energy Sources in Chile.

The Newsletter may be obtained from the IAEE at 28790 Chagrin Boulevard, Suite 350, Cleveland, Ohio, 44122. (Fax: 216-464-2737; E-Mail: IAEE@IAEE.org; Web: www.IAEE.org)

Canadian Energy Up-Date for January 2008

New Reports

Getting to 2050: Canada's Transition to a Low-Emission Future

The previous Minister of the Environment, Hon. Rona Ambrose, called upon the National Roundtable on the Environment and the Economy for advice on the reduction of Canada's air emissions from this publically-funded but independent agency on 10 November 2006. The resulting report, entitled as above but with the subtitle `advice for long-term reductions of greenhouse gases and air pollution,' was released on 7 January 2008. There are four main chapters - Introduction, Managing the Transition to a Low-emission Future, Key Findings and Recommendations, and Looking Ahead - together with an Executive Summary and Appendices. The most central recommendation by the panel of experts assembled from across the country to conduct this study is to establish an economy-wide price on carbon as soon as possible though no specifc level was specified.

As far as greenhouse gases are concerned, the report focusses on market-based solutions whether in the form of an emissions tax or a cap-and-trade system or a combination of the two. The price of oil used in the economic modelling is, however, substantially below present levels on trading markets. It is unclear what the government's final response to this report will be but it has been careful not to endorse a carbon tax at the present time. The authors of this report also see opportunities in this situation as stated in the following paragraph: `Climate change action is not just an economic cost but offers the prospect of certain economic opportunities and benefits to society. Becoming a `clean energy superpower,' for example, implies a leading innovative role for Canada in identifying, developing and deploying new climate change technologies that can be exported or otherwise assigned value. This is an important shift in approach that needs to be contemplated as part of an evaluation of the potential benefits of addressing climate change.'

Copies of this report (ISBN 978-1-894737-14-2) of 54 pages plus seven appendices (available in either English or French) may be downloaded from the Web Site of the National Roundtable at www.nrtee-trnee.ca in.pdf form. (National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 344 Slater Street, Suite 200, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7Y3. Fax: 613-992-7385; E-Mail: admin@nrtee-trnee.ca)

Short Notes